Analysis:
The 21st Century: Opus One
Were the pre-emptive Iraqi War the only fully achieved accomplishment of the neo-conservatives, the United States could probably recover, move on, and learn valuable and cautionary lessons from the bloody, expensive, and disastrous fiasco. But for the neo-conservatives, Iraq was only a small, beginning step in a broad framework of actions to brace for what they see as the world just around the corner.
The Wall Street Journal set forth, in a series of articles, an outline of a hard plan that is already in play for purposes of strategic planning at the Pentagon, a fully fleshed-out design that makes broad, sweeping assumptions about the threats and opportunities with which the United States will have to deal with little time to spare. "Hard planning" means documentation, and this can be fragmented across anything from working papers to internal memos, and even to computer presentations and software models used for scenario analysis. In the case of the neo-conservative plan for the 21st Century, though, what the Pentagon possesses something far more specific: it has a single system of documents, stunning in scope not merely of plans for the American military over the coming decades, but also in the modeling of the nations of the world and how they will behave and react internally with respect to their citizens and externally with respect to one another. A survey of the mechanics of this plan may be viewed at rense.com.
What follows below is extensive scenario description. It is based upon assumptions in the Pentagon's neo-conservative blueprint document, augmented by known facts and, where appropriate, rumors of greater or lesser reliability, which will be flagged as such where necessary.
Europe
Because the United States will build and maintain a massive military/industrial engine for the 21st Century, the Europeans will be induced to do so as well, primarily as a non-adversarial, but nonetheless competitive, bulwark against the military and economic hegemony of the United States. Both the U.S. and Europe will move the production of consumer goods to Third World countries so that the domestic economies can be focused on comparative advantage in industrial and military goods and services.
Whether or not the Europeans want to do this is irrelevant. In a world where vital resources flow along trade routes that could be managed and even choked by the U.S. axis of military and economic influence, European countries will be compelled to respond in kind lest they become victim to de facto economic, military, and even ideological blockade.
Many progressive American Europhiles will reject as outrageous the very idea that the European Union will dispense with social programs, infrastructure, and peaceful productivity in favor of a build-up of a war machine rivaling that of the United States. The arguments against the reshaping of Europe into an American-style military state can be categorized as coming from one or the other of two arguments: first, the Europeans could simply reject the American model of neo-liberal world engagement through military dominance; second, the American model is far too weak on specificsespecially financial viability projectionsfor it to be taken seriously by others.
Both of these arguments are foolhardy. The Europeans will be forced to play the American game for two reasons: physical resources and global dominance. Even if America were to drive itself into bankruptcy reconstructing itself into a military empire, no state could postpone reactive military build-up on the excuse that the Americans will soon go bankrupt. Whether or not that would happen, the European state would be long gone or irreparably damaged by the chokehold the United States would maintain even with its last gasp.
Despite the talk about how Europe is making the transition to a post-fossil fuels age, the reality is that it is every bit as dependent upon oil in the core of its massive industrial and consumer infrastructure as is the United States.
In terms of global dominance, the Europeans won't be dealing merely with a dangerous, albeit possibly somewhat weakened, American military machine. The United States will have a small but not meaningless cluster of traditional allies that have shown their allegiance in the current Iraqi War; and the United States will also have a very new, gargantuan ally for the coming decades.
China
Despite the few remaining voices in the United States that regard China uni-dimensionally as being run by the "Butchers of Tiannanmen," the Bush Administration has aggressively warmed relations with China as part of an overall axis construction.
China has trillions of U.S. dollars acquired through years of running enormous trade surpluses with the United States. China routinely uses these greenbacks to finance the deficit-ridden neo-conservative policies of the Bush Administration. The idea among some Bush Administration critics that China is going to sooner or later cut off that gravy train is sheer fantasy: China is, in fact, funding the U.S. side of an emerging Sino-American power axis that has every intention of controlling resources across the globe to feed the ever-growing hunger for energy of both countries. It is no accident that Paul Wolfowitz, a central architect of the neo-conservative plans for the 21st Century, has been tapped to head the World Bank, which will become even more than it is now a captive vehicle for focusing global capital flows into projects that will largely satisfy the energy and other resource demands of the emerging China/U.S. production matrix. The extensive environmental damage that will be caused by projects like continent-spanning pipelines, petroleum resource exploitation fields, and hydro-electric dams is entirely irrelevant: the world community of environmentally concerned citizens is not even now a match for the hurricane of global energy demand, and the higher such commodities as gasoline go in price, the more Alaska National Wildlife Refuges will be plowed under.
This does not mean that U.S. and Chinese foreign policy will always coincide. For reasons both of internal political appeasement and of real geo-political differences in incentives, bones of contention will appear from time to time, as is evident in provocative sales of weapons and key materials by China to Iran. But these issues are minor and cannot be expected to derail the growing solidarity of the trans-Pacific alliance between an authoritarian regime becoming comfortable with and embracing domestic capitalism and a capitalist regime already comfortable with and increasingly imposing domestic authoritarianism.
Some might point out that all will not be well between the Chinese and the Americans if the situation turns ugly in one particular spot in China's backyard, and that small irrelevancy must be addressed next.
Taiwan
Last week, China set forth in formal policy that it would attack Taiwan if the latter provisional state were to once and for all declare its independence from the former. Freedom loving democrats around the world see Taiwan as a bastion of both capitalism and democracy, and the prospect of the giant dragon swallowing the little island's statehood whole is a source of concern on a philosophical level as much as on a geo-political level. Arguably, Taiwan is meaningless in the large scheme of things; but those who see brutal, realpolitik about to swing into action are wholly misguided.
Taiwan very well might be a nuclear state. If it is, China would pay an unacceptably high price for the luxury of finally dealing with the irritant: certainly, a nuclear Taiwan would level Beijing; but it would also have every incentive to level Hong Kong, too, and that would be a nation-crushing blow to China, which uses that former British colony as its national banking system as well as the personal depository institution for the spoils of its corrupt, fossilized leaders.
Of course, it's pure, mad speculation that Taiwan has nukes. How would it have gotten the technology? And what possible other example is there of a nation that has nuclear weapons, but has never declared that it does, has never done a live-fire test, and is never discussed in the press or halls of government as being a nuclear state?
Israel
Rumors have flown for years that Israel, Taiwan, and a certain South American country long ago formed an axis of trade in nuclear technology. Israel had the know-how; Taiwan had the money and Asian connectionspossibly through Malaysiato Pakistani nuclear parts merchant Dr. A.Q. Khan; and the South American country had raw materials and incredibly challenging terrain to frustrate surveillance by the Americans, the Russians, the Europeans, and the Chinese.
No one doubts that Israel has not just nuclear weapons-building technology, but also an impressive stockpile of warheads and delivery vehicles, some of the latter being compliments of the United States and the Europeans. But that leaves open the question of why Israel would ally itself with nations on other, far-flung continents. The answer to that is straight-forward: balance of power. Like it or not, Israelsmall as it ishas been a global player since the day it was born in 1948, affecting the economies, policies, and strategic calculus of the community of nations at just about every turn in the road of the last half of the 20th Century. Especially with China constructively engaging dangerous nations like Iran to gain influence in the Middle East, Israel has every incentive to build a quiet but credible alliance with a rival state in close proximity to China, itself. If China is going to be influential in the Middle East, then Israel must be influential in Asia. But this returns the entire story back to the Middle East and its most important agent provacateur in the early years of this century.
Iran
Iran will soon be a nuclear state.
The hope that the Europeans will talk the mullahs into doing something else with their centrifuges and yellowcake is folly. The Europeans have a whole lot of incentive to stop Iran's nuclear program, but they don't have a whole lot of incentives to offer: Iran has the oil that Europe needs; and soon, Iran will have its own oil bourse upon which no small amount of petroleum will trade, thereby making whatever currency Iran chooses for denomination a world standard without rival.
Iran also has something else about which the Europeans can be all kinds of excited: it has developed and put on display the third generation of its intermediate-range missile called Meteor. Although Iran denies the technical specification, the range of this rocket as it is currently configured can be extended to put capitols of Europe within reach, making this version of the Meteor a Mark IV-class delivery vehicle.
As an aside, the hope that Israel will wipe out the nuclear facilities in Iran is folly, too. Israel may very well try, but it won't succeed: right now, speculation has it that the Israel doesn't have the bunker-buster bombs to get to the hardened, underground, core facilities the Iranians have constructed and are using for the enrichment and bomb-building phases of their nuclear program.
It seems that the Iranians, in designing their weapons construction facilities, kept in mind the Osirak reactor in Iraq that the Israelis turned into rubble two-and-a-half decades ago.
Then again, Israel could up the ante by using a low-yield nuclear device from its inventory. In a subsequent installment of this series, the consequences of that choice will be explored in the context of near-apocalyptic scenarios.
Back to the Homeland
And so the neo-conservative world of the 21st Century is emerging; and it is doing so against the curtain of a national economy flat on its back from huge federal deficits, the armed forces backed to the wall in a messy skirmish on the other side of the globe, and a careening world where events are running miles ahead of strategies.
This sounds like a prescription for political disaster for the ruling party in Washington, but it isn't. Once set in motion, a plan like the Project for the New American Century is almost impossible to stop, regardless of which party controls the White House and the Congress, regardless of which assumptions are wrong, and regardless of how far actual events on the ground come to deviate from predictions.
And therein lies the key: the plan has already been set in motion.
The Dark Wraith welcomes you all to the new American Century.
Go to The 21st Century: Opus 1 Opus 2 Opus 3 Opus 4
<< 24 Comments Total
Well, I don't want to be a party spoiler but I tend to think that there is a factor that you are overseeing: the human factor, that unpredictable factor that can put all plans into danger. Besides I think the current powers are proving to be, to my point of view, obsulete, and I really think that although all that is going on, and that points in another direction, we may be seeing and experiencing a swan song from them. Isn't there a tendency to have a very dark and conservative period before a "liberal" explosion? And aren't the turn of centuries always confusing and dark ones? I really think the world is changing but the somewhat scary thing is that the powers aren't really focused on "real reality". They are playing and we are watching. Sleeping or not, dreaming or not, there will come a time to wake up... if it will be to late? I don't know... we'll see. Either way I tend to start laughing althought I'm a member of the Human Species, because we are inhabitants of this planet called earth, and not it's owners, and from what I can sense and see spreading maybe someday humanity will have to deal with a major lesson earth will teach us, and then we will see what real powers will matter and who really is powerfull...
But this vision of mine can be seen as lunatic...
P.S.- Just a question? Why haven't you refered directly to Brazil as the South American nation? An why not explore the Brazilian-Indian Axis, an Axis that is (silently or not) forming and is spreading among the "developing countries"? I think there are many axis going around and one that I don't see coming to a good end is the Sino-American one... I'm also wondering what will be the effects of so many axis starting to intersect...
Good morning, Joseph.
Finally! Someone reveals the name of the "certain South American country" with a nuclear weapons program.
I was kind of hoping for a guessing game to start, but it looks like too many people know too much about world affairs to keep nukes a secret even when they're supposed to be a secret.
And on that same subject, Mr. Bush was down there last week schmoozing with the President of Brazil. One interesting thing that happened was that Bush tried to get a statement from his buddy that Venezuela was a bad country for acquiring 100,000 AK-47 assault rifles, but the Brazilian President wouldn't chime in to condemn the purchase.
Obviously, Bush's problem wasn't the assault rifles, per se; it was more a matter of Venezuela's President not being a member of the National Rifle Association.
At least, that's how I read the situation.
The Dark Wraith fires the warning shot.
Hi DW... I wasn't aware Bushie went down under to Brazil to lick Lula's boots, I suppose mainly, because of Venezuela. I thought it was common knowledge Brazil is a "secret" nuclear potency among other things...
Now to spice up matters, just a few points:
The Brazilian-Indian Axis and why I also have talked about it: remember it is also a Axis of nuclear countries, and regional or global potencies...
The Sino-American Axis and not seeing that bloom: two predators don't hang along for a very long time, not when the prey is the same, so sooner or later they will turn to each other... besides China is already moving by itself in some fields and leaving the US behind...
And another point: the real power is in the hands of developing countries, that have the resources and energy. These developing countries are mainly in the hands of despotic, greedy dictators that I think sooner or later will realize they have the power to shocke the so called "ruling powers". But even looking in another perspective this realization of where the true power is makes the forming and developing Brazilian-Indian, and undeveloped countries, Axis so important... and they are being lead by independent and not willing to be left behind countries... By the way, remember India is sucking the USA from it's jobs... and remember that Pakistan and the USA are so very good friends now... what will happen if Pakistan and India turn their backs against each other again?
In the middle of all this we are trying to see a big picture, but right now I think it is an error, what makes and will make a difference regarding world power is and will be played at a more regional level. And we haven't talked about some interesting regional or global important countries like: Japan, Russia, Australia, and others...
So... Chess anyone?
Good morning, once again, Joseph.
Regarding China and the U.S. being unstable allies because both are predators after the same prey, I recommend you see the movie Ghost and the Darkness.
Now, regarding a playing field for the Third World and other developing nations as emergent power spheres in the 21st Century, the Project for the New American Century has the Third World fitting in quite nicely in the theoretical model. To the neo-conservatives, India and countries like it are not siphoning off jobs at all: this is what they're supposed to do. The developing nations of the world take care of consumer products and services, and this allows the First World nations to focus on military/industrial capital enhancement. I have not yet mentioned it in this series of articles, but that is why the neo-conservatives are moving the tax structure away from taxing capital and toward taxing labor: this forces the United States toward that industrial and military society by creating permanent and unavoidable disincentives to labor, which faces a punitive tax burden.
Obviously, millions and millions of Americans will be trapped by this tax system. They will suffer the consequences, generation after generation, of a country that wants the best and brightest not to be like them.
And as far as the Indian aspect of the whole matrix is concerned, I'll be writing about that in the next part.
The Dark Wraith does, indeed, enjoy a good game of chess.
Joseph,
Not to be a spoiler to the spoiler, but I don't think there will be any great awakening in the United States.
Those on either side (reality or fantasy) are stretching away from each other with greater intensity and powerful magnetic polarity that just staying on the respective courses is going to prove difficult. It's kind of like a joint being pulled out of its socket. It wasn't meant to go that direction.
It's just too bad a huge swath of "Christians" believe in putting their lives on hold in waiting for seven worse years of so-called Tribulation in which they supposedly won't be here to endure it. Instead of facing these rough times and hitting them square on, they'd rather delude themselves into thinking that Christians are immune from the hardships of life and from its responsibilities to be real people to those who are really hurting in a real and present world. They want God to rescue them, and they figure Bush is the perfect agent to give them a reason to be rescued.
I don't see any good coming out of evil. The cancer of evil does not switch gears all of a sudden and make people peaceful. The agency is on the opposite side of the spectrum. If evil ever did create "peace," it would not last by reason of its agency. Flytraps attract flies, but the main function is not to allay hunger. They find out too late what the real purpose of that attractive substance is.
wiseguy
Hi, and thanks for pointing me to your site..been looking for one like this that also mixes the economic interests into the pot!
And if ONLY good and evil were so black and white eh!!
Good afternoon, Wise Guy.
That was extraordinarily well put.
The Dark Wraith really likes the crowd, here.
Blogger is misbehaving this afternoon, so I cannot tell if my last post welcoming elf will actually ever appear; but one way or the other, welcome to The Dark Wraith Forums, elf.
Do you have a blog of your own?
The Dark Wraith now goes over to smack Blogger up the side of its virtual, fool head.
Darkwraith,
thankyou very much for this article and the links. I hope you dont mind but I am passing this along to others and may even put a summary piece on my site since this involves shifting paradigms...
thanks again!
Paradigm Shifter
Good afternoon, Paradigm Shifter.
Now that you mention it, we really are talking about not just one, but a whole matrix of shifts in the paradigm... and I dare say these shifts are being done without the benefit of a decent clutch.
By all means, quote freely on your blog and share the story.
More will be coming as time goes on.
The Dark Wraith looks for second gear.
This post has been removed by the author.
Well, I was going to post a comment addressing some subjects DW and wiseguy talked about, but since it seems I'm jumping ahead of articles still to come I'll stay put (and I'm sorry for jumping ahead).
But still just two points:
- in a day where we once again experienced in the Planet a major earthquake I still was surprised with the timing in relation to what I wrote in the morning about us being mere inhabitants of Planet Earth and not owners.
- I still am seeing the present days as an end and a turning point and not exactly to dark ages, althought it seems that way, and not the start of a new empire age. So I have a challenge for you DW for, maybe, a coming article: Would you dare to make a comparison between what is happening in the world these days to what happened in the end of ancient historical global empires?
;)
Good evening, Joseph.
The age after empire is rarely an age of freedom.
When the Roman Empire unraveled in the second half of the Fifth Century, the peoples of the world that had lived in its shadow were left to find their way forward without the light that had attended that long age of oppression.
In another time, scholars called the post-Roman period of Europe the "Dark Ages" because so much of the knowledge of Rome simply vanished, and its former subject tribes and nations were left terribly diminished: among the losses were knowledge of medicine, metallurgy, warfare, construction, history, and much more.
What replaced empire was merely another, lesser empire in the Holy Roman Catholic Church, which had all of the will to brutish enforcement of dominion, but none of the interest in spreading high culture to the peoples in its chains. Fear of empire reduced to elemental fear of God through the vicarage of the Pope and his troops of ministry and militancy.
It would be centuries before Europe would find both the old ways of Rome and the new ways of a world finally opening to inquiry, both through adventures in the world and ponderings of the mind.
But in the time after Rome, celebration was fleeting, for those who had been the oppressed of Rome soon learned that they were to be the abandoned of a new age.
Empires are that way: even in their deaths, they live on in the peoples of the Earth whose cultures, whose nations, whose very lives were permanently distorted by the boot of empire's stand upon the firmament.
After the tragedy of September 11, 2001, many were those around the world who stood tall and said, "This day, we are all Americans."
They had no idea how true that would be for as long as America would cast its shadow into the centuries beyond that momentous day.
Even in the years after A.D. 467, the peoples of Europe, the Middle East, Northern Africa, and beyond were still Romans: though they were more for the death of Rome, they were at the same time less, for they knew not where to go in the land that has no master.
And so they embraced its pale shadow, a Church that would keep them in darkness for centuries beyond.
Can the world tomorrow find another, better way?
I doubt it.
The Dark Wraith has had his say.
I'm having some trouble with the neo-con's concept that our "comparative advantage" resides in industrial and military goods and services. How do we measure "comparative advantage" when dealing with goods and services which are directly subsidized by the government, and not purchased voluntarily by customers who have unrestrained access to alternative products? "Competitive free market forces" do not come into play to assure efficency or quality (think Halliburton, or any number of overpriced, malfunctioning weapons systems the Pentagon has funded over the years). In fact, as many weapons systems were never meant to be used lest we face mutually assured destruction, there was seldom any way of "testing the product" in a real world sense- although I suppose if it was actually sold, it served its purpose to the producer of the item.
After watching our performance in Iraq and Afghanistan, it appears that our military's "comparative advantage" lies in defeating regimes already crippled by years of war and sanctions. I am uncertain what constraints civilian companies face when supplying materials for reconstruction, considering the official indifference to the massive profiteering in Iraq (which is typical in times of war). It seems to me that, for any nation to maintain a long-term war footing like this, there would have to be a vibrant domestic economy to support the venture. And if the last four years are any indication, this is definitely not the area of comparative advantage of the neocons.
I am not as knowledgeable as DW, but in my ignorance I am more inclined to agree with Lindibee, and while the breakup of the western half of the Roman Empire is as DW has explained, was not (with some rather notable exceptions) the breakup of the British Empire in the main vastly more humane?
Dw's point about the imprint left by empire is certainly true, and can be seen in the histories of other peoples. Go talk to a Greek or an Albanian or a southeastern Slav for examples of this. The scarring left by the Turks upon these people has been profound and is still highly visible almost a century later. (A significant part of the difficulty the Albanians face in modernizing has to do with the ambivalence their neighbors feel towards them for cooperating with the Turks as much as they did, and this kind of cooperation is also a traceable cause to the difficulties faced in Bosnia.)
But Portugal had an empire, too. What happened in the wake of its demise?
(That was oddjob.)
Good morning, Lindi Bee.
Excellent. The neo-conservative world view includes the assumption that we do have comparative advantage in the production of military goods and war services.
In fact, a point on which I shall focus in the next installment is the neo-con plan to use the American armed forces in an enduring constabulary role around the world. This obviously assumes that we are not only good at that, but that the marginal opportunity cost of doing something else exceeds any marginal benefit we could derive from alternate national production matrices.
Another point you make has to do with whether or not the United States actually has in the recent past produced in some measurable way war and its materiel at high quality. Your parenthetical aside is most important: one of the primary purposes of war expenditures has been, for three-quarters of a century, fiscal stimulus. Spending on war is nothing but old-time Keynesian policy, just like tax cuts, welfare programs, make-work jobs programs, and a number of other federal policy initiatives designed to push the aggregate demand curve outward.
Under the Bush Administrationas was the case during the Johnson and Nixon Administrationsthese fiscal stimulators were financed by an accommodation of the Federal Reserve to increase the money supply at a rate greater than that of the real growth of the economy. The result in those days was a creeping inflation that came to full fruition during the Carter Administration, which finally dealt with it through the tight monetary policy of Carter-appointed Fed Chairman Paul Volker. The effect was, as many of us know, a brutal recession that got Mr. Carter kicked out of office and allowed his successor to bask in the light of an economy that had been repaired (albeit painfully) by President Carter, who to this very day is seen as incompetent.
Now, we have the same dynamic setting up, once again: an accommodatingly loose monetary policy to finance massive Bush Administration fiscal stimulatorsridiculously generous tax cuts and ridiculously misdirected and expensive military adventurism. The difference this time is that an extraordinarily large portion of that excess money has been flowing into the foreign reserves of other countries, most importantly, China, which can then use that greenback cash-money to focus on building up the American military/industrial sector. Ultimately, however, the oversupply of money must come home to roost, and that is why we are now hearing the knock at the door of the inflation beast.
And the wildly funny part about it is that inflation is nothing but a back-door tax, particularly on the poor, the middle class, and industries with particular pricing and distribution structures. That means the neo-cons of the Bush Administration ilk might be able to claim that they handed out "permanent" tax cuts to everybody, but they know very well that they didn't do any such thing.
The neo-conservatives are nothing but the biggest tax-and-spend liberals the United States has ever seen.
Isn't that just the most delicious irony of all?
The Dark Wraith would laugh even harder is the electorate of this country understood economics.
OT, but if I put it where it belongs on the Open Forum it will be buried and it's too good for that.
Peter of Lone Tree has done a masterful job of skewering the double speak!
- oddjob
Hello OddJob. ;)
You have a point, Portugal, and not only Portugal had an Empire, so what happened to us when it started coming down? I can sumarize roughly into this, looking just to the last century: loss of identity, identity crisis, depression, repression, recession, turning into a easy prey to dictatorship in the form of fascism, and finally revolution and liberation and coming to terms with reality, or sort of. At least we were lucky enough to, unlike Spain, avoid a Civil War. And I have to point out that dictatorships, in the form of fascism and comunism, had it's great days in Europe, all around, last century. Don't know if it was some sort of epidemic "fashion trend" or if it is just part of a natural process. ;)
Just a comment I can't avoid, about something wiseguy said concerning flytraps. I think the worst and most dangerous flytrap of them all is the one made with power to those that can't get enough of it... they tend to see themselves as far out of the range of any trap and the greed tends to make them completely blind to what will eventually happen to them, and it is particularly funny because it is a autopromoted and autophagic trap... if you know what I mean.
Are the neo-cons all crazy or "drunk with power"?
I'm reminded of Paul Levy's essay "The Madness of George Bush" wherein he describes Bush's mental illness as 'malignant egophrenia' and goes on to say it's contagious.
http://baltimorechronicle.com/
011305PaulLevy.shtml
And if I may be allowed to ask a question which might appear to be arrogant, why are some of us immune?
I remember when Portugal shed its dictatorship. I was fifteen in '75 and paying some attention to international politics.
- oddjob
Good evening, Joseph.
Once I had begun to study world history on my own, I came to realize that Portugal was truly one of the more significant empire-states of the Renaissance/post-Renaissance period. Its presence on the world stage is mentioned in our high school and college textbooks, but primarily as annotation for what nations controlled which colonies around the globe.
Moreover, we have practically no standard resources in high school and general education college courses for the traumatic times through which Portugal went in the Modern Era.
It is such a shame that the cautionary and enlightening exposition of your country's history is entirely lost to American sensibilities.
And it is that kind of ignorance that allows us to so easily slip down the path of the Project for the New American Century.
The Dark Wraith wishes things were not as they are, here.
Hello DW and OddJob,
just to add two things to what I said before:
- Portugal did not have a Civil War but instead we had several wars in almost all of our "colonies" when they fought for their independence. As I said before somewhere, and I think it was to OddJob, generations of Portuguese were marked by this and this left marks in a lot of things.
- when you go through a process like the one Portugal went through, especially the regime years, after the revolution comes and you open again to the world you find out that the rest of the world kept on living, evolving and that there is a lot, maybe too much, to caught up... and it is not nice to be left behind and knowing it was all "our" fault...
I know someone in the Boston area who was born in the Azores and lived until he was four without his father around because of "the wars", specifically the one in Angola. I thought of exactly what you said in your most recent post, José, when you mentioned the lack of a civil war. It was as though you had a whole series of proxy civil wars instead when the colonies fought to be free of you.
From what my friend tells me, the man who came back to the Azores was noticeably different than the one who had left. He still drinks too much, for instance. My friend also believes his father was required by the Portuguese Army to take hits of amphetamines and that they did permanent psychological damage, too.
History in this country is taught in a ferociously Americo-centric fashion, and because of that the Dark Wraith is correct. We don't have a good grasp of the signficance of the Portuguese Empire. We learn about Vasco da Gama, but only to the extent that he was the first to find a way to the Orient without going over land or through the Mediterranean. After that almost the entire rest of the Portuguese Empire is skipped in favor of teaching about Spain's efforts to find yet another way to do what Portugal did, leading to American colonization.
I also wish things were other than they are here.
- oddjob